Spent our Sunday at Meinerswijk, a swampy area in the "uiterwaarden" of Arnhem.
Uiterwaarden are the floodplains of a river, in this case the Rhine.

In the 20th century the landscape was ever changing, a lot of clay and sand was dug up and more and more of the area was turned into a watery paradise for wildlife. In 1995 the council of Arnhem decided to turn the area into a nature reserve.

If we go more into the past, we see a couple of Sherman tank cupolas entombed in concrete. This was done in the Cold War with leftover tanks from the Second World War. These emplacements were part of a larger "IJsellinie" defense line, however it never got fully completed.

But this defense line goes even further back in time. On this location the Romans built a fortification, a so called "castellum". This was part of the Limes, the border of the Roman Empire.
This castellum was re-built 3 times, the last time in the 4th century. Its goal: to guard the river and protect against the Batavians.